L'anomalia libica nel sistema politico internazionale

The present study on the history of Libyan international politics was inspired by the recent phenomenon of migration flows between sub-saharian Africa and Europe which involve Libyan territory. The existence of the migratory phenomenon which passes through this country and Europe and the need to prevent irregular immigration coming from the Mediterranean Sea have played a relevant role in the difficult process of readmission of Jamahiriyya into the international community. An interdisciplinary approach was necessary to comprehend and qualify the significance of this thesis. Therefore, the methodology used was based both on African history and international political science. Basically, this thesis researches the origins and the evolution of Muammar Gheddafi’s foreign policy. The first chapter deals with the creation of the United Kingdom of Libya, including also its former period of colonization, the Ottoman and the Italian respectively. It analyses the incoherent process of construction of a national community organized into the modern state-form – considering that Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan were very different from each other. The main historical period studied, regards Gheddafi's forty year regime – the principal events of this period and the most important elements of his foreign policy. The exportation of the Jamahiriyyan model into the world has always been the dream of the Libyan leader. His strategical coordinates were and still are anti-imperialistic and anti-Zionistic, and he was ready to use international terrorism for his ends. His political target was, panarabism, nowadays totally removed, and panafricanism that we can see in regional African organizations of which Libya is a member, above all in the African Union. After the American bombing of Tripoli and Bengasi in 1986 and the difficult period of embargo and international isolation, Libyan foreign policy changed radically. Moderation and pragmatism are now the prevailing characteristics of his policy. Finally, the last chapter deals with the slow process of readmission of Jamahiriyya into the international community and the social and economical transformations of Libyan society. The role that Italy has had and still has in this country’s readmission into the international political arena is also treated. The role of Economic interests in ending the hostilities between the two countries, confirmed by a stipulation of friendship, cooperation and partnership treaty has also been reviewed. The migratory problem is a circumstantial verification of an initial hypothesis regarding the influence of migratory policies on international relations, in the process of readmission of Libya into the international community. Thus, Gheddafi has utilized the existence of a migration flow going through Libyan territory into Schengenland to his advantage. In fact, the necessity of cooperation in contrasting the migratory phenomenon enters into the policy of externalization of European borders.