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Jurisprudence


‘ILM AL-FIQH: study of the classification of actions into five kinds of actions:
- compulsory;
- forbidden;
- favoured;
- disliked;
- neutral.

➔ All human actions fall within one of these categories. This classification is still ongoing today.

Islamic jurisprudence can be defined as a “tree”:
USUL AL-FIQH: roots of jurisprudence (sources of law):
- Quran;
- Sunna;
- consensus;
- analogical reasoning.

FURU’ AL-FIQH: branches of jurisprudence ➔ it can be divided in:
‘IBADAT (acts of worship: actions that every Muslim has to do every day);
MU’AMALT (personal relations: negotia).

Muslims:
SUNNI (majority of Muslims)
SHIA (e.g. Iran). Iran is the only country that is officially Shiite.

Sunni and Shia are two groups of Muslims divided by important differences in the dogma.

Theological difference:
Sunni: after the death of Muhammad, succeeded four caliphs. After Muhammad, there should not be Prophets, but only leaders.
Shia: they believe in a line of 12 caliphs after the first four caliphs, that were “tyrants”.

Tratto da COURSE NOTES OF "ISLAMIC CULTURE" di Luca Porcella
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