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History of the Arab World: the Beginning of the 20th Century


1901: British Petroleum in the Middle East.

1904: Entente Cordiale between Great Britain and France ➔ it leads to more freedom in the countries.

1908, 1911: Revolutions of the YOUNG TURKS in Istanbul ➔ an elite was ready to change the system. Their will was frustrated by the conservative wing of the society and by the support of the British to the conservatives.

1908-09: Turkey: revolution of the YOUNG TURKS, that puts an end to the Sultan Abd al-Hamid II.
However, the revolution fails.

1911: another failed revolution. Presence of France in Morocco. Italian occupation of LYBIA.

Even before World War I there is the collapse of the Ottoman empire.

World War I: the British fight against the Ottoman empire and in Egypt there are some parties allied with the Ottomans.

1916-18: Arab revolt in Hijaz, led by Sharif Husayn of Mecca. The target was to create a form of independence from Ottoman empire.

Tratto da COURSE NOTES OF "ISLAMIC CULTURE" di Luca Porcella
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