Branches of Jurisprudence
The first case that is analyzed in any book of Islamic law is MARRIAGE: it is the basis of human society and for this reason it has to be disciplined as a contract by the law. It can take:
- a licit form;
- an illicit form.
Then there are patrimonial rights, juridical capacity, penal law.
1. JURIDICAL CAPACITY
It depends on physical existence, Islamic faith, freedom.
➔ A Christian living in a Muslim country does not have juridical capacity.
Loss of juridical capacity:
- death;
- absence;
- apostasy (change of religion: it is forbidden).
Limitation:
- age;
- physical and mental illness;
- sex in public services;
- awful behaviour;
- insolvency.
2. MARRIAGE
In the Islamic conception of law, marriage is a contract (‘AQD) that is stipulated between three parts (man, woman and curator) and represents the basis of the society.
MAHR: “price of the bride”: it is paid by the man for having lawful sexual intercourse with a woman in order to procreate.
MAN: in order to be considered a man, he has to be Muslim and mukallaf (mental and physical wellness).
CURATOR: who testifies woman’s will (he has to be Muslim and mukallaf).
Blood relations, religious differences ➔ ABSOLUTE NULLITY;
Marriage between a Muslim man and a non-Muslim woman ➔ LAWFUL;
Marriage between a non-Muslim man and a Muslim woman ➔ VOID.
Nullability causes:
- vitia of the mutual consensus;
- vitia of the amount of mahr;
- lackness of the curator;
- huge social differences;
- impotence.
End of marriage contract:
- natural causes (death);
- voluntary causes (repudiation);
- legal causes (RIDDA: apostasy).
3. PENAL LAW
Penal law classifies punishments in 3 groups according to the offences.
Lex talionis (QISAS) ➔ bodily harms, murder in all cases. Possibility of forgiveness. Idea of blood price (➔ compensation).
Fixed punishments (HUDUD) ➔ prescribed in the Qur’an for 5 kinds of offences:
ZINA: unlawful sexual intercourse ➔ 100 lashes;
QADHF: false accusation of unlawful sexual intercourse ➔ 80 lashes;
QAT’AL-TARIQ: banditry ➔ crucifixion;
SARIQA: theft ➔ hand amputation (of foot in case of reiteration);
SHURBAT AL-KHAMR: drunkness ➔ lashes.
Discretionary punishments (TA’ZIR): sentences pronounced by the judge (QADI) ➔ no provision for death (according to a corrective ratio) ➔ prison, exile, confiscation, corporal punishments, etc.
Continua a leggere:
- Successivo: Law of Islamic Countries
- Precedente: Roots of Jurisprudence
Dettagli appunto:
- Autore: Luca Porcella
- Università: Libera Univ. Internaz. di Studi Soc. G.Carli-(LUISS) di Roma
- Facoltà: Scienze Politiche
- Esame: Islamic Culture
- Docente: Francesca Maria Corrao
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