Linguistic and cultural background influence on the speaker's rhetoric: a comparative case study of the English speeches of Queen Rania and Queen Noor of Jordan

30 CHAPTER 3 POLITICAL DISCOURSE 3.1. Introduction This section is a presentation of the theoretical framework that has been chosen for the political speech analysis undertaken in this study. Numerous studies have been con- ducted in this regard, thus the pivotal ones will be illustrated. Some of them are centered on political discourse analysis, such as Lischer, Hansen and Metcalf 120 , others on the speaker’s personality such as Ross, and finally on the emotional appeal such as Shunnaq and El Zu’bi. Other studies are more comprehensive in terms of covering different rhetorical as- pects employed by the same speaker, for example, Al Osaimi, Al Rawabdeh and Ander- sen, in their analysis of late King Faysal, King Abdullah, Obama and Hillary Clinton’s political speeches, opted for adopting a more general approach, by examining various rhetorical aspects 121 . According to Aristotle’s teachings, invention may be examined based on three kind of proofs: logical, emotional and ethical. As far as the logical proof is concern, Toul- min’s model of argumentation 122 (data, warrant and claim) has been adopted. Starting from the results of the studies mentioned earlier, this research aims to verify whether the same results may be inferred for the two Arab female speakers under examination when delivering speeches in the English language. Afterwards, light will be shed on political discourse features, with special regard to Arabic political speeches. Conclusively, the two speakers’ rhetoric will be compared to investigate to which ex- tent the orators’ background may represent an influence factor on the linguistic and cul- tural level. 120 Lischer, Hansen and Metcalf, in H. Ali Amaireh, Ivi. 121 Al Osaimi, Al Rawabdeh and Andersen, in H. Ali Amareih, Ivi, p. 22. 122 Toulmin, in H. Ali Amaireh, Ivi.